1. Walking tractor
Small tractors are suitable for the current purchasing power and conditions of use of small-scale agricultural operations, and have strong vitality. Small tractors include walking tractors and small four-wheel tractors. At the end of 1993, there were more than 80 factories producing small tractor products nationwide, producing 855,000 small tractors, including more than 382,000 walking tractors.
(1) Large walking tractor
The 8.8 kW (12 horsepower) walking tractor has been the main product in the walking sales market for many years. The sales market is mainly in the south-central, east and southwest regions. The demand for walking tractors in the northwest, northwest, northeast and north China is relatively high. Small. The leading products of walking tractors are still Dongfeng-12, Gongnong-12K, Hongwei-12 and other four 8.8kw (12hp) finalized products. With the development of the situation, the development trend of small tractors in the future is to extend upwards to 11 kW (15 horsepower), 13.2 kW (18 horsepower), and downward to 4.4 kW (6 horsepower) and 5.9 kW (8 horsepower).
(2) Small and medium walking tractors
Medium-sized generally refers to 4.4-5.9 (6-8 horsepower); small-sized generally refers to 2.2-3.7 kilowatts (3-5 horsepower). In the 1980s, with the reform of the rural economic system and the implementation of the joint production contract responsibility system, the demand for small and medium-sized walking tractors increased rapidly. The main types of small walking tractors are GN-31, Danxia-4, Changjiang-51, Changjiang-31, Jiangxi TY-81 and so on.
2. Wheeled tractor
In 1993, there were 13 large and medium-sized tractor manufacturers, producing 16 types of tractors, including: 14 types of wheel type, 2 types of crawler type, 2 types of skidding type, and 3 types of agricultural four-wheel drive type, with power ranging from 18.4 to 58.9 kW (25-80 horsepower). The annual output is 47,000 units, of which wheeled tractors account for 64% and crawler tractors account for 36%. Small four-wheel tractors refer to small wheeled tractors with a power of 8.8-11 kilowatts (12-15 horsepower). There are more than 60 production plants with an annual output of 421,000 units. In 1993, the national agricultural machinery companies systematically sold 38,500 large and medium-sized tractors and 351,000 walking tractors.
(1) Small four-wheel tractor
Small four-wheel tractors have been produced and used in my country for more than 20 years. In 1993, the number of holdings was 3.71 million units, accounting for 47% of the number of small tractors. Because it adapts to the current rural production system and is helpful for short-distance transportation in rural areas, it In recent years, it has developed rapidly. There are 7 basic types and more than 60 models of small four-wheel tractors. The main models are Taishan-12, Changchun-15, Xingtai-120/140, Gongnong-12C, Dongfanghong-150/170/180, Tieniu-120, Changchun-15, Jiangsu-120/150, Songjiang-12, JAC-12, Hebei-150, Wutaishan-150, Tianshui-15, Xinjiang-150, etc. Small four-wheel tractors are developing from 8.8 kW to 11 kW and 13.2 kW. In terms of structure, some models have changed from belt drive to direct gear drive. The 13.2kw small four-wheel tractors include Fengshou-180/184, TY-180, Jinma-180 and other models.
(2) 18.4-29.4 kilowatts (25-40 horsepower) wheeled tractors
The 18.4 kW (25 horsepower) wheeled tractor is a variant of the original Dongfanghong-20 wheeled tractor designed by my country for the first time in the mid-to-late 1960s. The main production plants and models are: Shandong Tractor Factory produces Taishan-25 tractors mainly for dry land operations; Hubei Tractor Factory produces Shenniu-25 tractors for paddy fields and both flood and drought; Ningbo Tractor Factory produces The four-wheel drive Benye-254 tractor. Derivatives of this class include the 22 kW (30 hp) Taishan-300 and Shenniu-30 tractors. The 800 and 900RS/DT series 19.1-29.4 kW (26-40 horsepower) wheeled tractors from Italy's Goldoni Company introduced by China's No. 1 Tractor Engineering Machinery Company. In addition, there is also Changchun-400, a modified product of the original Dongfanghong-28 (20.6 kilowatts) wheeled tractor. It is equipped with the 495A- Type 5 diesel engine, changed front and rear tires, and increased power to 29.4 kW (40 hp).
(3) 36.8-47.8 kilowatts (50-65 horsepower) wheeled tractors
The main manufacturers and models are: the Shanghai-50 type tractor produced by Shanghai Tractor Factory, which can be used for both flood and drought, its fourth modification is the Shangdi-50N type, and there is also a Shanghai-504 type four-wheel drive variant. Newly developed products include the introduction of Fiat (45-60 horsepower) tractors. The Tieniu-55C wheeled tractor produced by Tianjin Tractor Factory is the leading product of the factory. The variant products include 55G loader, 55H road roller, 55CW excavator, etc., which have been greatly improved on the basis of Tieniu-55 The new product Tieniu-650 wheeled tractor has its power increased from 40.4 kilowatts (55 horsepower) to 47.8 (65 horsepower). Tianjin Tractor Factory also introduced 2140 and 3140 tractors (80-100 horsepower) from Deere Company of the United States. Changchun-1140CN tractor (40 horsepower) produced by Changchun Tractor Factory.
3. Crawler Tractor
This series is divided into 55~58.8kw (75~80hp) agricultural crawler tractors and agricultural and forestry wheeled tractors. The main manufacturers and models are: China No. 1 Tractor Engineering Machinery Company produces Dongfanghong-75 crawler tractors, variant products Dongfanghong-60TJ front push and rear suspension tractors, Dongfanghong-802 crawler tractors and Dongfanghong - LF90 series wheeled tractors, etc. Dongfanghong-802 crawler tractor is a replacement product of Dongfanghong-75 tractor, and its power has been increased from 55 kW (75 horsepower) to 58.8 kW (80 horsepower). Dongfanghong-LF90 series wheeled tractors are imported from Fiat 90 series wheeled tractor chassis and equipped with engines designed by Ricardo Company. There are three types of tractors: LF60·90 (60 horsepower) and LF80·90 (100 horsepower). The 4450CL four-wheel drive 118 kW (160 horsepower) wheeled tractor produced by Shenyang Tractor Factory. J-80 skidding tractor is an articulated four-wheel-drive tractor mainly used for log operations in forest areas and capable of comprehensive utilization. The machine has superior off-road performance and strong climbing ability.
4. Mechanical farming boat
Mechanical plowing boats, also known as boat-shaped tractors, are a new type of paddy field power machinery created in my country's paddy field mechanization operations. The areas of use are paddy field areas in the south such as Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, and Guangdong.
5. Tiller
The cultivator was developed in the early 1980s as a simple small-scale farmland and machinery. It is a simple single-axle tractor without a gearbox, with a power of 2.21-3.31 kW (3-4.5 horsepower), suitable for small fields, Farmers with narrow field ridges, "flower arrangement" of crops, and "flower arrangement" of fields are widely used in Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong and other provinces.
6. Agricultural transport vehicles
The agricultural transport vehicle is a short-distance transport vehicle suitable for the conditions of use in my country. It has Chinese characteristics, that is, a transport vehicle with a structure and performance between a tractor and a car, powered by a diesel engine, small tonnage, low to medium speed, and low cost.
7. Farm implements for tractors
Tractor is a kind of self-propelled agricultural power machine, which needs to be matched with various agricultural implements to complete the corresponding operations. Therefore, agricultural machinery business units should reasonably choose the supporting farm tools of the tractor to give full play to the role of the tractor. Now 8.8 kW (12 horsepower) walking tractors, 8.8-11 kW (12-15 horsepower) small four-wheel tractors, 18.4 kW (25 horsepower) four-wheel tractors, 36.8 kW (50 horsepower) four-wheel tractors, 40.4-47.8 Kilowatt (55-65 horsepower) four-wheel tractor, Dongfanghong-802.
8. Construction tractor
The tractor's durability and engine power make it best suited for engineering tasks. Some engineering tools are often installed on tractors, such as bulldozers, dozer blades, reloading equipment, buckets, farming equipment, harvesters, etc. Bulldozers and buckets are often mounted on the front of the tractor. After the tractor is equipped with engineering tools, it is usually named an engineering vehicle.
Bulldozers are usually track-type tractors with a blade in the front and a rope winch in the rear. Bulldozers are very powerful tractors with excellent contact with the ground, whose main task is to push or pull things.
Dozers are constantly evolving, with new products and features that were not previously available on tractors. An example is the loader, which replaces the original blade with a large bucket and uses hydraulic arms to raise or lower the bucket, so it is easy to pick up dirt, rocks and loose materials and load them on the truck.
Front-loading loaders and loaders are tractors with engineering tools, with two hydraulically powered arms mounted on either side of the front cabin; there is also a dumping device, which is actually a bucket with a larger opening, and some What is installed is a flat fork or a baler.
Variations of bulldozers also include making equipment smaller to work in tight areas where movement is restricted. There are also small wheel loaders, exactly the name skid steer loader, and a "Lynx" nickname. It is especially suitable for excavation works in limited space.
9. Front and rear drive tractors
The front and rear drive tractors are improved on the basis of walking tractors. The main reason is that the four wheels can exert force at the same time for climbing, so that the performance of the vehicle can be better exerted. For example, the walking tractor pulls 4 tons of goods. It can climb slopes with the front two wheels, and drive the tractor back and forth on the same slope to pull 6-7 tons, which can easily go uphill. That's the good thing about it.